Sources / Glossary

The references behind the field guide

Primary frameworks, maintained project documentation, safe training labs, and a plain-language glossary. External URLs are shown as visible, direct resources throughout every module.

Source document

Standard guidance

Risk framework

Threat knowledge base

Application-security baseline

Agent-security baseline

Testing methodology

Training lab

ML security baseline

Official documentation

Official tutorial

Official security guidance

Open-source tool

Cloud guidance

Cloud framework

Secure-by-design guidance

Security guidance

Research practice

Current research

Related guide

Plain language

AI security glossary

Use these definitions as a starting point, then follow the NIST and MITRE sources when precision matters.

Adversarial example
An input deliberately changed to cause a model to make a chosen mistake under a defined threat model.
Agent
An AI-enabled system that can pursue a goal through planning, tools, memory, and multi-step actions.
Attack surface
The reachable components and interfaces through which an adversary could influence confidentiality, integrity, availability, or safety.
Data poisoning
Manipulating training, adaptation, feedback, retrieval, or evaluation data to alter system behavior.
Embedding
A numeric representation used to compare or retrieve semantically related content; it is not an authorization or truth mechanism.
Evasion
Changing inference-time input so a model produces an incorrect or attacker-chosen result.
Guardrail
A policy or technical control intended to constrain inputs, outputs, actions, or use; effective systems use multiple layers.
Indirect prompt injection
Untrusted instructions delivered through content the model reads, such as a document, webpage, email, or tool response.
Inference
Running a trained model on input to produce a prediction, score, or generated output.
Invariant
A security property that must remain true, such as one user never retrieving another user's private documents.
Model extraction
Using access or queries to reproduce model behavior, parameters, or valuable capability.
Model provenance
Evidence showing where a model came from, how it changed, who approved it, and which version is deployed.
Prompt injection
Attacker-controlled content being interpreted as instructions that conflict with the application's intended policy.
RAG
Retrieval-augmented generation: selecting external content and adding it to model context before generating a response.
Red teaming
Structured adversarial testing intended to discover and understand system risks before wider harm occurs.
Threat model
A documented view of assets, adversaries, capabilities, trust boundaries, security goals, and plausible failure paths.
Tool calling
An application pattern where a model proposes or selects structured operations that external code may execute.

Editorial note

Original adaptation, not a reproduction

The user-provided 2026 PDF supplied the initial topic map. This field guide is an original rewrite with a defensive-first structure, current sources, safer labs, corrected terminology, and enterprise operating context.